References: 1. Northcott PA, Jones DT, Kool M, et al. Medulloblastomics: the end of the beginning. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12(12):818-34.
2. Paul Gibson, Yiai Tong, Giles Robinson, et al. Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins. Nature. 2010;12(468):1095-99.
3. David N.Louis, Arie Perry, Guido Reifenberger, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;113 (6):803-20.
4. Smoll NR. Relative survival of childhood and adult medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). Cancer. 2012;118:1313-22.
5. Eric M, Thomas Hielscher, Eric Bouffet, et al. Prognostic value of medulloblastoma extent of resection after accounting for molecular subgroup: a retrospective integrated clinical and molecular analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):484-95.
6. Vijay R, Marc Remke, Eric B, et al. Recurrence patterns across medulloblastoma subgroups: an integrated clinical and molecular analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(12):1200-07.
7. Reya T, Morrison S.J, Clarke M.F, et al. Stem cells, cancer and cancer stem cells. Nature. 2001;414(11):105-111.
8. Holland EC, Celestino J, Dai C, et al. Combined activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitor induce glioblastoma formation in mice. Nat Genet. 2000;25(1):55-7.
9. Fan X, Eberhart C.G. Medulloblastoma stem cells. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(17):2821-27.
10. Hemmati HD, Nakano I, Lazareff JA, et al. Cancerous stem cells can arise from pediatric brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2003;100(25):15178-83.
11. Gli M, Yang Y, Lee Y, et al. Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a novel protein serine/threonine kinase predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Gene. 1997;195(2):295-01.
12. Rajkumar T, Sabitha K, Vijaylakshmi N, et al. Identification and validation of genes involved in cervical tumorigenesis. BMC cancer. 2011;11():80.
13. Pickard MR, Green AR, Ellis IO, et al. Dysregulated expression of Fau and MELK is associated with poor progression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11():R60.
14. Nakano I, Paucar AA, Baipai R, et al. Maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase is a key regulator of the proliferation of malignant brain tumors, including brain tumor stem cells. J Neurosci Res. 2008;86():48-60.
15. Saito R, Nakauchi H, Damoiseaux R, et al. Melk, regulates proliferation and glial differentiation of retinal progenitor cells. Cancer Sci. 2012;103():42-49.
16. Xia H, Kong SN, Chen J, et al. MELK is an oncogenic kinase essential for early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Cancer Lett. 2016;383(1):85-93.
17. Inoue H, Kato T, Oluqbile S, et al. Effective growth-suppressive activity of maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) inhibitor against small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(12):13621-33.
18.Gu CY, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Joshi K, et al. Tumor-specific activation of the C-JUN/MEILK pathway regulates glioma stem cell growth in a p53-dependent manner. Stem Cells. 2013;31(5):870-81.
19.Marie SK, Okamoto OK, Uno M, et al. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase transcript abundance correlates with malignancy grade in human astrocytomas. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(4):807-15.
20. Li YH, Wang Z, Shi H, et al. HBXIP and LSD1 scaffolded by lncRNA Hotail mediate transcriptional activation by c-Myc. Cancer Res. 2016;76(2):293-304.
21.Aloia L, Di Stefano B, Di Croce L. Polycomb complexes in stem cells and embryonic development. Development. 2013;140(12):2525-34.
22.Laible G, Wolf A, Dorn R, et al. Mammalian homologues of the Polycomb-group gene Enhancer of zeste mediate gene silencing in Drosophila heterochromatin and at S. cerevisiae telomeres. EMBO J. 1997;16(11):3219-32.
23.Margueron R, Reinberg D. The Polycomb complex PRC2 and its mark in life. Nature. 2011;469(7330):343-49.
24.Ringrose L, Paro R. Epigenetic regulation of cellular memory by the Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 2004;7(38):413-43.
25.Tonini T, Bagella L, D’Andrilli G, et al. Ezh2 reduces the ability of HDAC1-dependent pRb2/p130 transcriptional repression of cyclin A. Oncogene. 2004;23(28):4930-37.
26.Chen H, Tu SW, Hsieh JT. Down-regulation of human DAB2IP gene expression mediated by polycomb Ezh2 complex and histone deacelyase in prostate cancer. J Biol Chem. 2006;280():22437-44.
27.Su IH, Dobenecker MW, Dickinson E, et al. Polycomb group protein ezh2 controls actin polymerization and cell signaling. Cell. 2005;121(3):425-36.
28.Robert H, Li D, Chen X, et al. The landscape of somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators across 1,000 paediatric cancer genomes. Nat Commun. 2014;4(5):3630-37.
29.Micheal S, Sjoerd van R, Esther H, et al. EZH2-regulated DAB2IP is a medulloblastoma tumor suppressor and a positive marker for survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(15):4048-58.
30.Mary T Scott, Koorosh K, Peter Saffrey, et al. Epigenetic reprogramming sensitizes CML stem cells to combined EZH2 and tyrosine kinase inhibition. Cancer Discov. 2016;6(11):1-10.
31.Cardenas H, Zhao J, Vieth E, et al. EZH2 inhibition promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;8(11):11497-56.
32.Dardenne E, Beltran H, Benelli M, et al. N-Myc induces an EZH2-mediated transcriptional program driving neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 2016;30(4):563-77.
33.Suva ML, Riggi N, Janiszewska M, et al. EZH2 is essential for glioblastoma cancer stem cell maintenance. Cancer Res. 2009;69(24):9211-18.
34.Dubuc AM, Remke M, Korshunov A, et al. Aberrant patterns of H3K4 and H3K27 histon
occur across subgroups in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;125(3):373-84.
35.Kim SH, Joshi K, Ezhilarasan R, et al. EZH2 Protects Glioma Stem Cells from Radiation-Induced Cell Death in a MELKFOXM1-Dependent Manner. Stem Cell Reports. 2015;4(2):226-38.
36.Kim E, Kim M, Woo DH, et al. Phosphorylation of EZH2 activates STAT3 signaling via STAT3 methylation and promotes tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cancer Cell. 2013;23(6), 839-52.
37.Huang BY, Yu CJ, Qu YM, et al. The PD-1/B7-H1 pathway modulates the natural killer cells versus mouse glioma stem cells. PloS One. 2015;10(8):1-14.
38.Chung S, Suzuki H, Miyamoto T, et al. Development of an orally-administrative MELK-targeting inhibitor that suppresses the growth of various types of human cancer. Oncotarget. 2012;3(12):1629-40.
39.Sibbesen NA, Kopp KL, Litvinov IV, et al. Jak3, STAT3, and STAT5 inhibit expression of miR-22, a novel tumor suppressor microRNA, in cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(24):20555-69.
40.Jijiwa M, Demir H, Gupta S, et al. CD44v6 regulates growth of brain tumor stem cells partially through the AKT-mediated pathway. PlosOne. 2011;6(9):e24217.
41.Brennan CW, Verhaak RG, Mckenna A, et al. The somatic gemomic landscape of glioblastoma. Cell. 2013;155(2):462-77.
42.Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg TA, et al. Novel mutations target distinct subgroups of medulloblastoma. Nature. 2012;488(7409):43-8.
43.Li P, Eric L, Du F, et al. Nestin mediates Hedgehog pathway tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2016;76(18):5573-83.